U.S., British and French forces pounded Syria with air strikes early on Saturday in response to a poison gas attack that killed dozens of people last week, in the biggest intervention by Western powers against Syrian President Bashar al-Assad.
U.S. President Donald Trump announced the military action from the White House. As he spoke, explosions rocked Damascus.
British Prime Minister Theresa May and French President Emmanuel Macron said their forces had joined in the attack.
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With more than 100 missiles fired from ships and manned aircraft, the allies struck three of Syria’s main chemical weapons facilities, U.S. Defense Secretary Jim Mattis and Joint Chiefs of Staff Chairman General Joseph Dunford said.
Mattis called the strikes a “one time shot,” but Trump raised the prospect of further strikes if Assad’s government again uses chemical weapons.
“We are prepared to sustain this response until the Syrian regime stops its use of prohibited chemical agents,” the U.S. president said in a televised address.
The Syrian conflict pits a complex myriad of parties against each other with Russia and Iran giving Assad military and political help while fractured opposition forces have had varying levels of support at different times from the West, Arab states and Turkey.
The strikes risked raising tension in an already combustible region but appeared designed not to trigger a military response from Russia and Iran.
Nevertheless, Assad’s government and Russia both responded angrily.
Russian President Vladimir Putin called the strike an “act of aggression” that will worsen the humanitarian crisis in Syria and called for an emergency meeting of the United Nations’ Security Council, in a statement issued by the Kremlin. Putin added that the strike had a “destructive influence on the entire system of international relations.”
Syrian state media said the attack would fail and called it a “flagrant violation of international law.”
It was unclear if the strikes will deter Assad from again using chemical weapons.
They seemed unlikely to have much impact on the balance of power in Syria’s seven-year-old civil war, in which Assad’s government has steadily gained the upper hand against armed opponents since Russia intervened in 2015.
Trump had tough words for Assad and his suspected role in last week’s chemical weapons attack. “These are not the actions of a man. They are crimes of a monster,” he said.
At least six loud explosions were heard in Damascus and smoke was seen rising over the city, a Reuters witness said. A second witness said the Barzah district of Damascus had been hit in the strikes. Barzah is the location of a major Syrian scientific research center.
A senior official in a regional alliance that backs Damascus told Reuters that said the Syrian government and its allies had “absorbed” the attack, and that targeted sites were evacuated days ago thanks to a warning from Russia.
State-controlled Syrian TV said Syrian air defenses shot down 13 missiles fired in the U.S.-led attack. The Russian defence ministry said none of the rockets launched had entered zones where Russian air defense systems are protecting facilities in Tartus and Hmeimim.
The combined U.S., British and French assault appeared to be more intense than a similar strike Trump ordered almost exactly a year ago against a Syrian air base in retaliation for an earlier chemical weapons attack that Washington attributed to Assad.
Military presence in Syria
The U.S., France and Britain launched air strikes to respond to an alleged chemical attack on a rebel stronghold on April 7, near Damascus. Russia has urged America to avoid taking military action
RUSSIAN PRESENCE IN SYRIA: About 4,000-5,000 military personnel
Pro-government control
(Russia, Iran, Syria)
Rebel forces
Turkey/allies
Kurds
Islamic State
Airbase
Known Russian position
Russian ships
(11 vessels)
Range of Russian air defence missiles
S-400
250km
S-300
150km
TURKEY
S-400
400km
Raqqa
Aleppo
IRAQ
Latakia
Hama
Euphrates
River
Khmeimim
SYRIA
Tartus
Deir
al-Zour
Homs
Shayrat airbase
U.S. launched
missile strike in
retaliation for
chemical attack
in April 2017
T4
Palmyra
LEB.
Damascus
ISRAEL
JORDAN
0
100
KM
U.S.-WESTERN FIREPOWER
U.S.: Two destroyers and possible submarine in eastern Mediterranean. USS Harry S Truman carrier strike force en route from U.S. east coast. Aircraft – including F-22 stealth jets – in Qatar, Jordan and Turkey. About 2,000 troops on ground in Syria
France: Missile-armed frigate in Mediterranean, Rafale jets in UAE and Jordan
UK: Typhoon and tornado strike aircraft at Akrotiri in Cyprus
the globe and mail, Sources: graphic news (AFP, Business Insider, ISW,The National Interest)
Military presence in Syria
The U.S., France and Britain launched air strikes to respond to an alleged chemical attack on a rebel stronghold on April 7, near Damascus. Russia has urged America to avoid taking military action
RUSSIAN PRESENCE IN SYRIA: About 4,000-5,000 military personnel
Pro-government control
(Russia, Iran, Syria)
Rebel forces
Turkey/allies
Kurds
Islamic State
Airbase
Known Russian position
Russian ships
(11 vessels)
Range of Russian air defence missiles
S-400
250km
S-300
150km
TURKEY
S-400
400km
Raqqa
Aleppo
IRAQ
Latakia
Hama
Euphrates
River
Khmeimim
SYRIA
Tartus
Deir
al-Zour
Homs
Shayrat airbase
U.S. launched
missile strike in
retaliation for
chemical attack
in April 2017
T4
Palmyra
LEB.
Damascus
ISRAEL
JORDAN
0
100
KM
U.S.-WESTERN FIREPOWER
U.S.: Two destroyers and possible submarine in eastern Mediterranean. USS Harry S Truman carrier strike force en route from U.S. east coast. Aircraft – including F-22 stealth jets – in Qatar, Jordan and Turkey. About 2,000 troops on ground in Syria
France: Missile-armed frigate in Mediterranean, Rafale jets in UAE and Jordan
UK: Typhoon and tornado strike aircraft at Akrotiri in Cyprus
the globe and mail, Sources: graphic news (AFP, Business Insider, ISW,The National Interest)
Military presence in Syria
The U.S., France and Britain launched air strikes to respond to an alleged chemical attack on a rebel stronghold on April 7, near Damascus. Russia has urged America to avoid taking military action
RUSSIAN PRESENCE IN SYRIA: About 4,000-5,000 military personnel
Pro-government control
(Russia, Iran, Syria)
Rebel forces
Turkey/allies
Kurds
Islamic State
Airbase
Known Russian position
Russian ships
(11 vessels)
Range of Russian air defence missiles
S-400
250km
S-300
150km
TURKEY
S-400
400km
Raqqa
Aleppo
IRAQ
Latakia
Hama
Euphrates
River
Khmeimim
SYRIA
Tartus
Deir
al-Zour
Homs
T4
Shayrat airbase
U.S. launched
missile strike in
retaliation for
chemical attack
in April 2017
Palmyra
LEB.
Damascus
ISRAEL
JORDAN
0
100
KM
U.S.-WESTERN FIREPOWER
U.S.: Two destroyers and possible submarine in eastern Mediterranean. USS Harry S Truman carrier strike force en route from U.S. east coast. Aircraft – including F-22 stealth jets – in Qatar, Jordan and Turkey. About 2,000 troops on ground in Syria
France: Missile-armed frigate in Mediterranean, Rafale jets in UAE and Jordan
UK: Typhoon and Tornado strike aircraft at Akrotiri in Cyprus
the globe and mail, Sources: graphic news (AFP, Business Insider, ISW,The National Interest)
The targets included a Syrian center in the greater Damascus area for the research, development, production and testing of chemical and biological weaponry as well as a chemical weapons storage facility near the city of Homs. A third target, also near Homs, contained both a chemical weapons equipment storage facility and a command post.
At a Pentagon briefing, Dunford said the air strikes on Saturday were planned to minimize the risk of casualties among Russia’s forces in Syria.
Mattis acknowledged that the United States conducted the air strikes only with conclusive evidence that chlorine gas was used in the April 7 attack in Syria. Evidence that the nerve agent sarin also was used is inconclusive, he said.
Allegations of Assad’s chlorine use are frequent in Syria’s conflict, raising questions about whether Washington had lowered the threshold for military action in Syria by now deciding to strike after a chlorine gas attack.
Mattis, who U.S. officials said had earlier warned in internal debates that too large an attack would risk confrontation with Russia, described the strikes as a one-off to dissuade Assad from “doing this again.”
But a U.S. official familiar with the military planning said there could be more air strikes if the intelligence indicates that Assad has not stopped manufacturing, importing, storing or using chemical weapons, including weaponized chlorine.
The official acknowledged that could require a more sustained U.S. air and naval presence in the region, as well as intensified satellite and other surveillance of Syria.
Trump, however, has been leery of U.S. military involvement in the Middle East, and is eager to withdraw roughly 2,000 troops who are in Syria as part of the battle against Islamic State militants.
The air strikes, however, risk dragging the United States further into Syria’s civil war, particularly if Russia, Iran and Assad opt to retaliate.
“America does not seek an indefinite presence in Syria, under no circumstances,” Trump said in his eight-minute address.
“The purpose of our actions tonight is to establish a strong deterrent against the production, spread and use of chemical weapons,” he said.
In a statement Friday night, U.S. President Donald Trump outlined strikes being carried out against the Syrian regime of Bashar al-Assad after a chemical weapon attack earlier in the week.
The U.S. president, who has tried to build good relations with Russian President Vladimir Putin, had sharply critical words for Russia and Iran over their support of Assad.
“To Iran and to Russia, I ask, what kind of a nation wants to be associated with the mass murder of innocent men, women and children?” Trump said.
May said she had authorized British armed forces “to conduct coordinated and targeted strikes to degrade the Syrian regime’s chemical weapons capability.” She described it as a “limited and targeted strike” aimed at minimizing civilian casualties.
Macron said: “We cannot tolerate the employment of chemical weapons.”
Last year, the United States fired 59 Tomahawk cruise missiles from the guided missile destroyers USS Porter and the USS Ross that struck the Shayrat air base.
The targets of that strike included Syrian aircraft, aircraft shelters, petroleum and logistical storage facilities, ammunition supply bunkers, air defense systems and radar. At the time, the Pentagon said that a fifth of Syria’s operational aircraft were either damaged or destroyed.
The U.S.-led attack on Syria will be seen as limited if it is now over and there is no second round of strikes, said a senior official in the regional alliance that has supported President Bashar al-Assad in the Syrian war.
“If it is finished, and there is no second round, it will be considered limited,” the official told Reuters.
Syria’s seven-year-old civil war has pitted the United States and its allies against Russia, which itself intervened in the war in 2015 to back Assad.
Syrian state media said the attack would fail and called it a “flagrant violation of international law.” Russia’s ambassador to the United States said Moscow had warned that “such actions will not be left without consequences”.
Prime Minister Justin Trudeau said in a statement that Canada stands with its allies and that it supports the decision “ to take action to degrade the Assad regime’s ability to launch chemical weapons attacks against its own people.”
He reiterated that Canada condemns the use of chemical weapons in Ghouta.
With a file from The Associated Press