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The former top corporate lawyer at Apple Inc. was criminally charged by the U.S. Department of Justice on Wednesday with insider trading ahead of six of the iPhone maker’s quarterly earnings announcements.

Authorities said Gene Levoff exploited his positions as corporate secretary, head of corporate law and co-chairman of a committee that reviewed draft copies of Apple’s financial results to trade illegally between 2011 and 2016.

Prosecutors said Mr. Levoff, 45, of San Carlos, Calif., generated US$604,000 in illegal gains, including realized profit and avoided losses, before Apple terminated his decade-long employment in September.

Mr. Levoff faces one count of securities fraud, carrying a maximum 20-year prison term and a US$5-million fine.

He is expected to appear on Feb. 20 in a federal court in Newark, N.J.

The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission filed related civil charges in the case, one of the rare instances of a senior lawyer at a major U.S. company being implicated in a crime.

“Levoff’s alleged exploitation of his access to Apple’s financial information was particularly egregious given his responsibility for implementing the company’s insider trading compliance policy,” Antonia Chion, associate director of the SEC’s enforcement division, said in a statement.

Kevin Marino, a lawyer for Mr. Levoff, said he was reviewing the allegations and looked forward to defending his client.

“Gene Levoff was a highly regarded Apple executive for many years, and has never before been accused of wrongdoing,” Mr. Marino said in an e-mail.

Apple said in a statement it had terminated Mr. Levoff after an internal probe, and that it trains employees about their legal obligations.

Authorities said Mr. Levoff reported to Apple’s general counsel and has been a corporate officer of every major subsidiary of the Cupertino, Calif.-based company.

As co-chairman of Apple’s disclosure committee, Mr. Levoff helped chief executive Tim Cook and his predecessor, Steve Jobs, ensure the timeliness, accuracy and proper oversight of company disclosures, including financial results, according to authorities.

Despite this, prosecutors said Mr. Levoff bought and sold more than US$14-million of Apple stock, including US$10-million in July, 2015, alone, after being given draft earnings materials but before the results were made public.

Authorities said Mr. Levoff knew or should have known he was breaking the law, citing a February, 2011, e-mail where he warned employees not to trade on material non-public information.

The charges against Mr. Levoff were filed in New Jersey, where authorities said servers were located for firms that handled Mr. Levoff’s illegal trades.

The cases are U.S. v. Levoff, U.S. District Court, District of New Jersey, No. 19-mag-03507; and SEC v. Levoff in the same court, No. 19-05536.

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