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Risks to the global financial system have grown over the past six months and could increase with a messy British exit from the European Union or an escalation of U.S.-China trade tensions, the International Monetary Fund said on Wednesday.

The IMF, whose spring meetings with the World Bank begin in Washington this week, noted that the global economic expansion is slowing, and an abrupt downturn could have a far-reaching impact.

“After years of economic expansion, global growth is slowing, sparking concerns about a deeper downturn,” Tobias Adrian, head of the IMF’s monetary and capital markets department, said at a briefing to discuss the international lender’s Global Financial Stability Report.

The IMF warned against rolling back prudential regulations that could help to buffer the financial system in the event of a downturn.

“There is a risk that positive investor sentiment could deteriorate abruptly, leading to a sharp tightening of financial conditions,” the IMF said in its report. “This will have a larger effect on economies with weaker fundamentals, greater financial vulnerabilities and less policy space to respond to shocks.”

On Tuesday, the IMF cut its expectations for global growth to its lowest level since 2016, its third downgrade since October. In Wednesday’s report, it cautioned a sharper-than-expected slowdown could spur tighter financial conditions.

In Wednesday’s report, the IMF urged policy-makers to clearly communicate any changes to their monetary policy positions to minimize market swings. Noting investor sentiment had improved since the U.S. Federal Reserve paused its rate-hiking cycle, it warned that a strong shift in Fed policy could trigger a sell-off in riskier assets.

CORPORATE DEBT CONCERNS

The IMF also echoed concerns raised by U.S. officials over rising corporate debt levels, saying that corporate sector risks appear elevated in about 70 per cent of systemically important countries.

A rapid tightening of financial conditions could drive a steep economic downturn, as creditworthiness in the corporate debt market has deteriorated. The stock of lower-rated investment-grade bonds has quadrupled since the 2008 financial crisis, and the stock of speculative-grade credits has nearly doubled.

“The U.S. corporate credit cycle appears to be at its highest point in recent history,” the IMF said, adding that global earnings growth has “likely peaked.”

The IMF noted that trading in British and European markets has remained orderly as authorities struggle to negotiate an orderly British exit deal.

However, it warned that a protracted stalemate threatens to “unsettle financial markets, damage investors’ confidence, [and] adversely affect business investment.”

Globally, trade-dependent sectors have risen on expectations of a positive outcome for U.S.-China trade talks, the IMF said, but if those talks falter the organization expects a renewed sell-off.

To guard against financial vulnerabilities, the IMF said policy-makers should pro-actively deploy prudential tools, such as the countercyclical capital buffer and bank stress testing. In particular, regulators should develop tools to tackle climbing corporate debt from non-bank intermediaries.

“A rollback of regulatory reforms should be avoided,” it added.

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